مجله پژوهش های کاربردی روانشناختی
سال ششم شماره 3 (پاییز 1394)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between computer experience, social skills and blind students' self-efficacy in the secondary level through Tehran city schools, So 129 students were selected among Tehran blind schools with accessible sampling (36 females and 93 males). The results of regression analysis showed that computer experience and social skills can predict blind students' self-efficacy. Also among male and female students and each of the computer experience, social skills and self-efficacy variables no significant differences were  found.

Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial disease. There are a number of neurocognitive and behavioral mechanisms that contribute to overeating, or eating past nutritional needs, which can lead to obesity. Obese people suffer from attention bias to food-related cues. We have different methods to modify attentional biases, such as transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Attention Modification Programs (AMP). In this research we want to assess the effect of each of these methods and combination of them on food craving in obese people. 48 overweight and obese volunteers from Atieh clinic were assigned to 2 control (Sham tDCS and Sham ABMT) and 3 experimental (tDCS, ABMT and combination of these methods) groups. All participants’ age, height, weight and physical and psychological disorders were recorded. Then they completed Food Craving Questionnaire (FCQ) before and after the treatment. They received 10 treatment session based on the plane of the group they were in. The results of Covariance Analysis showed that tDCS and the combination of tDCS and ABMT significantly reduced the scores of FCQ in obese individual significantly. We didn’t see any significant change in FCQ post test results in group who received ABMT. We can use tDCS and ABMT with each other to reduce food craving in obese people

The main goal of the current study was to investigate the relationship between strategies for controlling anger and indices of anger, including anger arousal, situational variables eliciting anger arousal, hostile attitude, internal/external manifestation of anger, and anger control strategies. one hundred and twenty mothers of children with mental retardation, who were receiving services from education and rehabilitation centers in Tehran, participated in this study. Participants were asked to complete two measures of Multidimensional Anger Inventory and Parent’s Anger Evaluation Scale. To analyze the data, statistical indices including mean, standard deviation, pearson correlation coefficient, regression analysis, and F ratio were used. The results of the study indicated that emotional oriented coping and religious oriented strategies significantly correlated with anger reduction. Moreover, findings indicated that emotional oriented coping strategies predicted external anger while religious coping strategies predicted anger arousal, hostile attitudes, internalized anger, and overall score on Multidimensional Anger Inventory.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of life skills training schedule on self-esteem and academic self-efficacy of the one - grade high school male students. Forty male students of one - grade high school from district of six in Tehran city were chosen with the multi – stage random sampling. Groups had been matched with a view to academic achievement and IQ coefficient. They were randomly divided in two groups (20 students in experimental and 20 students in control group). The experimental group received life skills training schedule at twelve meetings (every meeting about 120 minutes). Pretest and post test were an inventory including subscales like: Rosenberg self - esteem and Jings and Morgan academic self - efficacy. For the data analysis, mean, standard deviation, lower limit and upper limit of scores and analysis of covariance was used. Generally, results of analysis of covariance showed that life skills training schedule increases student self-esteem and self-efficacy, in this meaning experimental group showed higher self - esteem and academic self - efficacy in comparison with control group after training significantly (P< 0/001).

Domestic violence is one of the most prevalent phenomenon in the world which bears drastic consequences on its victims. Such heinous problem is particularly severe in drug addicts; specifically, those affected by opioid abuse. This phenomena can take two forms, physical and psychological. Up to now, most of the research performed in the area of domestic violence has been on women’s issues and very few studies have embarked on addressing this problem in drug addicts which supposedly seems to be more drastic given the potential problems that can arise from the combination of the tendency to commit violence and drug abuse. As such, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate domestic violence with regard to demographic characteristics, variable. To do this, 105 patients in methadone-maintenance programs were randomly selected and domestic violence inventory questionnaires were administered. Statistical manipulations like Pearson’s correlation, multiple regression and Manova were performed. Results showed that independent factors (sex, academic graduation, marriage) do not predict domestic violence in patients in MMT programs. Also, no significant difference in domestic violence was observed in different age groups of patients in MMT programs.

This research aimed to investigate the relationship of basic beliefs and life-management strategies with subjective well-being. 467 university students (255 boys and 212 girls), selected through multistage cluster sampling, filled Basic Beliefs Inventory, Life-management Strategies Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Positive and Negative Affects Scales. Results showed that belief in meaningful world, belief in favorable self, and life management strategies related positively and significantly to subjective well-being. Belief in meaningful world (β=0.43), strategy of optimization (β=0.13), and belief in favorable self accounted (β=0.12) for 32 percent of subjective well-being’s variance. Selection and compensation strategies could not contribute significantly to predict subjective well-being. In short, these results, in line with CEST and SOC, indicate that favorable beliefs about self and world and use of life management strategies are associated to higher levels of satisfaction with life and positive affect.

Self-determination theory (SDT) states that satisfaction of basic psychological needs, including the need for autonomy, competence and relatedness will lead to intrinsic motivation. This study examines the relationship between basic psychological needs and intrinsic motivation of Iranian female students in mathematics. For this purpose, 382 students of five school responded to the scale of intrinsic motivation and psychological basic needs. The results show that the correlation coefficient between intrinsic motivation and autonomy is 0/062, which reflects the lack of relationship between these two components. The relationships obtained between intrinsic motivation and competence was, 0/402, relatedness with teacher was 0/317 and relatedness with classmates  was 0/273. Multiple regression analysis showed that competence and relatedness with teacher can predict intrinsic motivation. In other words, 19.6% of the variance associated with competence  and relatedness with teacher can explain the intrinsic motivation changes. Due to the significant level, the resulting amount is significant.

The present study aimed to examine the impact of life skills training on the Components marital satisfaction of deaf women in the Iranian Deaf Association(IDA). A multiple-baseline, single-case experimental design was used. The statistical population consisted of all deaf women in the IDA, in 2014-2015. A total of 3 deaf women who met the inclusion criteria were selected using a purposeful sampling method. They participated in a 9-session life skills training program for 45 minutes a week. The instrument used in the present study was the 47-item version of the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMS). The data from repeated measures were processed using the trend comparison charts, and the clinical significance of the data was calculated using the recovery rate formula. The results from the trend comparison charts, recovery rate formula, and visual analysis showed that the life skills training improved in Subscales of personality issues, marital relationship, conflict resolution  and financial management is in the sample. There was no increase in the other subscales. Therefore, life skills training can be appropriate to strengthen family foundation and improving marriage durability at the beginning of marriage, for deaf couples.

The current study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on cognitive emotion regulation and attentional control in addicted people. In a quasi-experimental design a pretest-posttest with control group paradigm were applied. The statistical population of the study was included all male patients of the addiction recovery centers of Tehran city in summer 2015. A sample of 34 patients was selected using the available sampling method, and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eight 2-hour weekly sessions of mindfulness-based cognitivebehavioral therapy, whereas control group received usual care. Instruments included cognitive emotional regulation strategies (CERQ) and Stroop test were administered before and after the intervention on both groups. Data were analyzed by using the analysis of covariance. The results of data analysis showed that the mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective on the cognitive emotional regulation and attentional control of the individuals in the experimental group. The overall conclusion was that the mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy results in increased cognitive emotional regulation and better attentional control.

This study aimed to increase marital satisfaction of pregnant women on the basis of prenatal attachment training. An experimental method was used with pretest – posttest with two groups. 30 of pregnant women were visited at Sarem specialty hospital in Tehran and were qualified for the workshop registered to the project. Randomly, 15 people were selected for intervention group and 15 people for control group. Experimental group participated in 8 sessions of training and educating workshop. Six sessions of the mentioned workshop were dedicated to pregnant women and two sessions were held for their spouses. Present intervention included trainings in the fields of mental health, marital interactions and maternal fetal attachment. Marital satisfaction personality inventories were filled out before and after sessions by control and intervention group. Results of multivariate covariance analysis on intervention group scores showed that average of marital conflicts scores has decreased, meaning that trainings have been effective on increasing marital satisfaction of pregnant women. Since psychological workshop of attachment during pregnancy increases maternal satisfaction, it is recommended to be used as a common course in maternity hospitals.

This study aimed to compare theory of mind and attributional style in patient with major depression disorder and healthy peers. A causal-comparative study was used in this research. Statistical population of this research include all patients with major depression disorder of  Razi Psychiatry Hospital. The sample consisted of 31 patient with major depression disorder, and 40 healthy peers who were selected via availabla sampling method. For data collection, were administered for every 2 groups the reading the mind in Baron-Cohen eyes tests and attributional styles questionnaire. Then the data was performed in program spss version 21 using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and t student test.Results of MANOVA test revealed that there was significant difference in attributional style of two group about positive and negative events. The patients with major depression use inner, stable and general attribution style about negative events. Also, they used outer, unstable and specific attribution style about positive events.  Results of t student test showed that depressed patients have weaker skills in mind reading than healthy peers. According to finding of this study, Pessimistic attribution style and Defects in mind reading skills can to be discussed as a etiology hypotheses in depression.

The present study was aimed at comparing the effectiveness of schema therapy and CBT on eating disorder symptoms in patients with anorexia nervosa considering the parental bonding. The study had an experimental method with pretest-posttest design and follow-up with the control group. The study population included all patients aged 16 to 23 years with eating disorders who had referred to psychiatry, psychotherapy, and clinical treatment centers of obesity and weight loss in Tehran. Purposive sampling was used in this study. Since this study was concerned with patients that had a poor parental bonding, 21 patients were diagnosed to have anorexia nervosa by performing psychological screening. Finally, the patients selected were matched in two experimental groups and one control group. Data were collected through questionnaires and diagnostic interviews based on diagnostic criteria for eating disorders and psychiatric diagnosis. Three questionnaires were used in the study including: 1. Parental Bonding Questionnaire 2. Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) 3. Young Schema Questionnaire. Only schema therapy was effective in reducing symptoms of eating disorders. Also, treatment had a higher efficacy on being more supportive than less care. The findings of this study can be an approval of therapist's having a systematic view to the etiology of this disorder.

The main problem that explains the need for this study is the inadequacy of the current curriculum of the teachers of teacher education centers in meeting the needs of students with children with autism spectrum disorders and the need to review them in such a way that they can increase the capabilities of these students. To give Using qualitative research method and based on purposeful sampling, 10 experts and teachers of students with autism spectrum disorder were interviewed and analyzed using the method of analytical content analysis. At the end of the analysis, there are 3 main themes: 1) Skill of knowledge (theoretical and research skills); 2) Skill methods (perceptual skills, teaching methods, evaluation, abstract thinking); 3) Human skills (communication skills, ethical values, characteristics). Personality, psychological skills (and 12 subtopics) were defined using the curriculum components (goal, content, implementation and outcome) as well as the competence model: the knowledge, skills and abilities needed by the student Teacher Teacher Training Centers and the final model The findings suggest that if a student curriculum pattern is developed, teachers of special teacher education centers for students with autism spectrum disorder Factors such as increasing teacher expertise, increase motivation and enhance the ability of the student's teacher autism spectrum disorder will be achieved

The present study aims to examine the effectiveness of group life skills training on the Anger control of deaf adolescents, studying in the academic year 2014-2015. This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and control group. The study sample included 34 deaf girls who were studying in the academic year 2014-2015 in Nezam Mafi High School, Tehran, Iran. Participants were selected using a purposive convenience sampling method, and were randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control groups). The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) was used to collect data. The life skills training program was delivered to the experimental group in 8, 60-minutes sessions. The study`s results showed that life skills training significantly decreased anger of the deaf girls (p<.001). According to the study results, it can be concluded that it is a social necessity to consider life skills training as a way of improving the mental status of deaf adolescents.

Academic engagement is one of the most important success factors in academic achievement which has been emphasized by the bulk of research findings in the recent decade. Therefore, this study aims to explain the impact of basic psychological needs on the academic engagement of students with academic self-efficacy acting as the mediating factor. The method of research is descriptive-correlational and the data have been analyzed using structural equation modelling. The sample population consists of all the ninth-grade students at Mashhad (Iran) which are a total of 34688 students. However, 700 students were selected by the cluster random sampling technique with proper assignment. In order to collect the necessary data, Deci et al., (2000) basic needs psychological questionnaire (α=0.82), Middleton and Midgley’s (1997) acadmic self-efficacy questionnaire (α=0.81), and Rio and Tseng’s (2011) academic engagement questionnaire (α=0.91) were used. The content and construct validity of the questionnaires were also investigated and confirmed. The results of data analysis indicated that the proposed model is in a good fit with the research data. The direct influence of basic psychological needs on academic self-efficacy and academic engagement was confirmed. Also, the findings indicated the direct impact of self-efficacy on academic engagement. Finally, the indirect effect of basic psychological needs on academic engagement through academic selfefficacy was also confirmed.